Less widely recognised is the importance of information for sustainable development and disaster risk reduction, particularly the impacts of data poverty. According to Mutter “people in countries ranked among the lowest 20 percent in the Human Development Index are 10 to 1,000 times more likely to die in a natural disaster than people from countries in the top 20 percent”. It is clear that socio-economic poverty results in greater vulnerability to the impacts of hazards and reduced resilience when disasters hit. Internet Speed data can be obtained from because is no longer accessible.įunding: This study was supported by the Leverhulme Trust.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. A summary of the weblinks for data sources used to calculate the DPI factors is given in Table 5. The data sets for calculating the Data Poverty Index for 2013 are openly accessible and were accessed on 05 September 2014. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper, its Supporting Information files and on Figshare ( ). Received: JAccepted: OctoPublished: November 11, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Leidig, Teeuw. PLoS ONE 10(11):Įditor: Wei-Xing Zhou, East China University of Science and Technology, CHINA We conclude that the DPI is of value as a potential metric for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.Ĭitation: Leidig M, Teeuw RM (2015) Quantifying and Mapping Global Data Poverty. The DPI highlights countries where support is needed for improving access to the Internet and for the provision of training in geoinfomatics. The effects of severe data poverty, particularly limited access to geoinformatic data, free software and online training materials, are discussed in the context of sustainable development and disaster risk reduction. The index that we present in this ‘proof of concept’ study is the first to quantify and visualise the problem of global data poverty, using the most recent datasets, for 2013. The datasets used to produce the DPI are provided annually for almost all the countries of the world and can be freely downloaded. The DPI is based on Internet speeds, numbers of computer owners and Internet users, mobile phone ownership and network coverage, as well as provision of higher education. We present an innovative metric for evaluating international variations in access to digital data: the Data Poverty Index (DPI). However, access to these technologies, as well as their associated software and training materials, is not evenly distributed: since the 1990s there has been concern about a "Digital Divide" between the data-rich and the data-poor. The Reinforced Concrete Council and the Ready Mixed Concrete Bureau are now part of The Concrete Centre.Digital information technologies, such as the Internet, mobile phones and social media, provide vast amounts of data for decision-making and resource management. Funded by 15 major cement and concrete organisations, the Concrete Centre works alongside the British Cement Association, The Concrete Society, and the ready mix and precast concrete industries to ensure an integrated approach from the concrete sector to technical support, research, education, training and information services. Their aim is to enable all those involved in the design, use and performance of concrete to realise the potential of the material. The Concrete Centre is the central development organisation for the UK concrete sector and provides material, design and construction guidance. Revisions required to Worked Examples to Eurocode 2 due to Amendment 1 to NA to BS EN :2004 dated Dec 2009. Superseded by 'Worked examples to Eurocode 2' (TCC, 2009) which removed reference to a second volume that was never published. Gives practical guidance on the use of BS EN in the design of in-situ concrete building structures, including how to calculate to Eurocode 2. Withdrawn, Document not available for download
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